![]() One interpretation of "Hanuman" is "one having a disfigured jaw". In the Hindu pantheon, deities typically have many synonymous names, each based on some noble characteristic, attribute, or reminder of a deed achieved by that deity. The meaning or origin of the word "Hanuman" is unclear. Names and etymology Hanuman with a Namaste (Anjali Mudra) posture Various scholars have suggested that Hanuman may have influenced the conception of Sun Wukong, the central figure in the Chinese epic Journey to the West. Traditionally, Hanuman is celebrated as a lifelong celibate, embodying the virtues of chastity. He is revered as an exemplar of self-control, faith, and commitment to a cause, transcending his outward Vanara appearance. Subsequent literature has occasionally depicted him as the patron deity of martial arts, meditation, and scholarly pursuits. He epitomizes the fusion of "strength, heroic initiative, and assertive excellence" with "loving, emotional devotion" to his lord Rama, embodying both Shakti and Bhakti. In recent times, the veneration of Hanuman through iconography and temple worship has significantly increased. According to Vaishnava tradition, the sage Madhvacharya posited that Vayu aids Vishnu in his earthly incarnations, a role akin to Hanuman's assistance to Rama. ![]() Figures from the Bhakti movement, such as Samarth Ramdas, have portrayed Hanuman as an emblem of nationalism and defiance against oppression. Hanuman's abilities are partly attributed to his lineage from Vayu, symbolizing a connection with both the physical and the cosmic elements. His theological significance and the cultivation of a devoted following emerged roughly a millennium after the Ramayana was composed, during the second millennium CE, coinciding with the advent of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. His tales are recounted not only in the Ramayana but also in the Mahabharata and various Puranas.ĭevotional practices centered around Hanuman were not prominent in these texts or in early archaeological evidence. In Shaiva tradition, he is regarded to be an incarnation of Shiva. He is traditionally believed to be the spiritual offspring of the wind deity Vayu, who is said to have played a significant role in his birth. Central to the Ramayana, Hanuman is celebrated for his unwavering devotion to Rama and is considered a chiranjivi. The Monkey King ( simplified Chinese: 孙悟空 traditional Chinese: 孫悟空 pinyin: Sūn Wù Kōng) is a fictional character best known as one of the main players in the 16th-century Chinese novel Journey to the West ( traditional Chinese: 西遊記 simplified Chinese: 西游记), and many later stories and adaptations.Hanuman ( / ˈ h ʌ n ʊ ˌ m ɑː n/ Sanskrit: हनुमान्, IAST: Hanumān), also known as Maruti, Bajrangabali, and Anjaneya, is a deity in Hinduism, revered as a divine vanara, and a devoted companion of the deity Rama. In the novel, Sun Wukong is a monkey born from a stone who acquires supernatural powers through Taoist practices. ![]() After rebelling against heaven, he is imprisoned under a mountain by the Buddha. After five hundred years, he accompanies the monk Tang Sanzang (唐三藏) riding on the White Dragon Horse and two other disciples, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing, on a journey to obtain Buddhist sutras from the West (India), where Buddha and his followers dwell. ![]() He has amazing strength and is able to support the weight of two heaven mountains on his shoulders while running "with the speed of a meteor". He is extremely fast, able to travel 108,000 li (54,000 km, 34,000 mi) in one somersault. He has vast memorization skills and can remember every monkey ever born. As king of the monkeys, it is his duty to keep track of and protect every monkey. Sun Wukong also acquires the 72 Earthly Transformations, which allow him to access 72 unique powers, including the ability to transform into animals and objects. He is a skilled fighter, capable of defeating the best warriors of heaven. His hair has magical properties, capable of making copies of himself or transforming into various weapons, animals and other things. He also shows partial weather manipulation skills and can stop people in place by fixing magic. ![]() The supernatural abilities displayed by Wukong and some other characters were widely thought of as "magic powers" at the time of Journey to the West's writing and were often translated as such in non-Chinese versions of the book. ![]()
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